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美国海军海上系统司令部近日宣布，美国海军“星座”级护卫舰首舰已在意大利芬坎蒂尼集团旗下的马里内特造船厂开工建造，预计2026年交付。
NAIROBI, Kenya -- Tanzania's government signed a controversial port management deal with Dubai-based DP World that had fueled protests in the African country in the past months and led to arrests of dozens of critics.The deal was signed on Sunday in the presence of Tanzania’s President Samia Suluhu Hassan, who has recently been accused of cracking down on critics such as her predecessor, the late John Magufuli.Tanzania Ports Authority Director General Plasduce Mbossa said that DP World, based in the United Arab Emirates, will only operate four berths and not the entire port. Its performance would be reviewed every five years for a total contractual period of 30 years.The opposition and civil society have protested the government decision to have a foreign logistics company manage Tanzania’s ports. The government has said the move would increase port efficiency and grow the country’s economy.The ports agreement was approved by Tanzania’s parliament on June 10, triggering protests in which more than 22 people have been arrested so far, according to Human Rights Watch.The international rights group in August urged Tanzania to respect freedom of expression and the right to protest. Tanzania has made some reforms since the death in 2021 of autocratic President Magufuli, who cracked down on critics and introduced draconian laws.Hassan, who is serving out Magufuli’s term, has been accused of continuing his anti-democratic policies. However, she was lauded in 2022 for lifting a prohibition on four newspapers that had been banned by the former leader.。
美海军“星座”级护卫舰性能如何？美国为何时隔多年重新开建护卫舰？ 就相关话题，
军事观察员周伟政 深入解析。
“星座”级护卫舰是美海军最新一代护卫舰，该型舰舰长约150米，宽约19米，满载排水量7000吨左右，最高航速超26节。军事观察员周伟政认为，“星座”级护卫舰设计中规中矩，性能务实。周伟政： “星座”级护卫舰放弃了此前追求的“科幻”“超前”路线，显得更加务实。该型舰艇吨位较大，自持力和适航性强，适合远洋部署，防空反导能力突出，且具有较大改装潜力。
二 | 由于采用了大量成熟技术装备，设计风险小，“星座”级护卫舰能够被以较快的速度批量建造。据了解，美国从上世纪90年代开始，逐步减少护卫舰的数量。自从最后一艘“佩里”级护卫舰退役至今，美国已近十年没有护卫舰了。军事观察员周伟政分析，美国重新批量建造护卫舰与其强力推行“大国竞争”战略密切相关。周伟政：美国停止建造和使用护卫舰是因为冷战后，美国海军自认为，已没有能与之抗衡的海上力量了。 美国的军事战略从“争夺制海权”转变为“由海制陆”“前沿存在”，重点打造偏重于对陆打击的“朱姆沃尔特”级驱逐舰以及濒海战斗舰。美国重新开建新护卫舰，最根本的原因是美国军事战略、海军战略再次转型，要打所谓的“大国高端战争”，与地区强国争夺制海权。 加上美国到处推行所谓“航行自由”“军事存在”，迫切需要新型护卫舰承担低烈度条件下的常规任务。据报道，美海军计划总共建造20艘“星座”级护卫舰。军事观察员周伟政分析，美国加紧全球海上扩张但力有不逮，批量建造“星座”级护卫舰就是为了避免老旧舰艇退役后美海军面临“无舰可用”的尴尬。
三 | 周伟政：由于面临多型舰艇逐步退出现役的状况，美国海军计划采购20艘“星座”级护卫舰，与下一代万吨级DDG(X)驱逐舰配套，作为航母编队的属舰， 承担编队防空反潜任务，同时也可能会以单舰或小编队形式，前往热点区域，承担军演、护航、巡逻等任务。军事观察周伟政指出，由于资金难保障和建造能力不足，“星座”级护卫舰能否如期完成批量建造计划，还存在很大不确定性。周伟政：美国计划一口气建造多艘新型护卫舰，难度比较大。 一方面，“星座”级护卫舰单舰造价高达16亿美元，一下子采购20艘，美国国会愿不愿意拨款很难说。另一方面，美国造船厂的能力早已经不复当年，建造新舰的速度赶不上老舰退役的速度，而且造船厂的产能也不是单靠财政拨款就能短期内提升的。如此看来，美国海军的造舰计划，面临很大的不确定性。
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